Computer Engineering - Conference Papers (Universität Paderborn)

MAAS: Hiding Trojans in Approximate Circuits

Q.A. Ahmed, M. Awais, M. Platzner, in: The 24th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED'23), San Francisco, Califorina USA, 2023

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@inproceedings{Ahmed_Awais_Platzner_2023, title={MAAS: Hiding Trojans in Approximate Circuits}, booktitle={The 24th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED’23), San Francisco, Califorina USA}, author={Ahmed, Qazi Arbab and Awais, Muhammad and Platzner, Marco}, year={2023} }

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fpgaDDS: An Intra-FPGA Data Distribution Service for ROS 2 Robotics Applications

C. Lienen, S.H. Middeke, M. Platzner, 2023

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@article{Lienen_Middeke_Platzner_2023, title={fpgaDDS: An Intra-FPGA Data Distribution Service for ROS 2 Robotics Applications}, author={Lienen, Christian and Middeke, Sorel Horst and Platzner, Marco}, year={2023} }

On the Detection and Circumvention of Bitstream-Level Trojans in FPGAs

Q.A. Ahmed, M. Platzner, IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI,2022), 2022

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@inproceedings{Ahmed_Platzner_2022, place={Pafos, Cyprus}, title={On the Detection and Circumvention of Bitstream-Level Trojans in FPGAs}, publisher={IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI,2022)}, author={Ahmed, Qazi Arbab and Platzner, Marco}, year={2022} }

Event-Driven Programming of FPGA-accelerated ROS 2 Robotics Applications

C. Lienen, M. Platzner, in: 2022 25th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD), 2022

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@inproceedings{Lienen_Platzner, title={Event-Driven Programming of FPGA-accelerated ROS 2 Robotics Applications}, DOI={10.1109/DSD57027.2022.00088}, booktitle={2022 25th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)}, author={Lienen, Christian and Platzner, Marco} }

XCS on Embedded Systems: An Analysis of Execution Profiles and Accelerated Classifier Deletion

T. Hansmeier, M. Brede, M. Platzner, in: GECCO '22: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2022, pp. 2071-2079

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@inproceedings{Hansmeier_Brede_Platzner_2022, place={New York, NY, United States}, title={XCS on Embedded Systems: An Analysis of Execution Profiles and Accelerated Classifier Deletion}, DOI={10.1145/3520304.3533977}, booktitle={GECCO ’22: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion}, publisher={Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, author={Hansmeier, Tim and Brede, Mathis and Platzner, Marco}, year={2022}, pages={2071–2079} }

ReconOS64: A Hardware Operating System for Modern Platform FPGAs with 64-Bit Support

L. Clausing, M. Platzner, in: 2022 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW), IEEE, 2022, pp. 120-127

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@inproceedings{Clausing_Platzner_2022, title={ReconOS64: A Hardware Operating System for Modern Platform FPGAs with 64-Bit Support}, DOI={10.1109/ipdpsw55747.2022.00029}, booktitle={2022 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Clausing, Lennart and Platzner, Marco}, year={2022}, pages={120–127} }

Task Mapping for Hardware-Accelerated Robotics Applications using ReconROS

C. Lienen, M. Platzner, 2022

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Lienen_Platzner, title={Task Mapping for Hardware-Accelerated Robotics Applications using ReconROS}, author={Lienen, Christian and Platzner, Marco} }

Integrating Safety Guarantees into the Learning Classifier System XCS

T. Hansmeier, M. Platzner, in: Applications of Evolutionary Computation, EvoApplications 2022, Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 386-401

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@inproceedings{Hansmeier_Platzner_2022, series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title={Integrating Safety Guarantees into the Learning Classifier System XCS}, volume={13224}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-031-02462-7_25}, booktitle={Applications of Evolutionary Computation, EvoApplications 2022, Proceedings}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Hansmeier, Tim and Platzner, Marco}, year={2022}, pages={386–401}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science} }

MUSCAT: MUS-based Circuit Approximation Technique

L.M. Witschen, T. Wiersema, M. Artmann, M. Platzner, in: Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), 2022

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Witschen_Wiersema_Artmann_Platzner, title={MUSCAT: MUS-based Circuit Approximation Technique}, booktitle={Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE)}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiersema, Tobias and Artmann, Matthias and Platzner, Marco} }

Search Space Characterization for Approximate Logic Synthesis

L.M. Witschen, T. Wiersema, L.D. Reuter, M. Platzner, in: 2022 59th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2022

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@inproceedings{Witschen_Wiersema_Reuter_Platzner, title={Search Space Characterization for Approximate Logic Synthesis }, booktitle={2022 59th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiersema, Tobias and Reuter, Lucas David and Platzner, Marco} }

ReconROS Executor: Event-Driven Programming of FPGA-accelerated ROS 2 Applications

C. Lienen, M. Platzner, 2022

Zitation (Bibtex)

@article{Lienen_Platzner_2022, title={ReconROS Executor: Event-Driven Programming of FPGA-accelerated ROS 2 Applications}, author={Lienen, Christian and Platzner, Marco}, year={2022} }

Malicious Routing: Circumventing Bitstream-level Verification for FPGAs

Q.A. Ahmed, T. Wiersema, M. Platzner, in: 2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2021 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE), 2021

Abstract

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The battle of developing hardware Trojans and corresponding countermeasures has taken adversaries towards ingenious ways of compromising hardware designs by circumventing even advanced testing and verification methods. Besides conventional methods of inserting Trojans into a design by a malicious entity, the design flow for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can also be surreptitiously compromised to assist the attacker to perform a successful malfunctioning or information leakage attack. The advanced stealthy malicious look-up-table (LUT) attack activates a Trojan only when generating the FPGA bitstream and can thus not be detected by register transfer and gate level testing and verification. However, also this attack was recently revealed by a bitstream-level proof-carrying hardware (PCH) approach. In this paper, we present a novel attack that leverages malicious routing of the inserted Trojan circuit to acquire a dormant state even in the generated and transmitted bitstream. The Trojan's payload is connected to primary inputs/outputs of the FPGA via a programmable interconnect point (PIP). The Trojan is detached from inputs/outputs during place-and-route and re-connected only when the FPGA is being programmed, thus activating the Trojan circuit without any need for a trigger logic. Since the Trojan is injected in a post-synthesis step and remains unconnected in the bitstream, the presented attack can currently neither be prevented by conventional testing and verification methods nor by recent bitstream-level verification techniques.

@inproceedings{Ahmed_Wiersema_Platzner_2021, place={Alpexpo | Grenoble, France}, title={Malicious Routing: Circumventing Bitstream-level Verification for FPGAs}, DOI={10.23919/DATE51398.2021.9474026}, booktitle={2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)}, publisher={2021 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE)}, author={Ahmed, Qazi Arbab and Wiersema, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2021} }

Hardware Trojans in Reconfigurable Computing

Q.A. Ahmed, in: 2021 IFIP/IEEE 29th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC), 2021

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@inproceedings{Ahmed_2021, title={Hardware Trojans in Reconfigurable Computing}, DOI={10.1109/vlsi-soc53125.2021.9606974}, booktitle={2021 IFIP/IEEE 29th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC)}, author={Ahmed, Qazi Arbab}, year={2021} }

Self-aware Operation of Heterogeneous Compute Nodes using the Learning Classifier System XCS

T. Hansmeier, in: HEART '21: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Highly Efficient Accelerators and Reconfigurable Technologies, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2021

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@inproceedings{Hansmeier_2021, place={New York, NY, United States}, title={Self-aware Operation of Heterogeneous Compute Nodes using the Learning Classifier System XCS}, DOI={10.1145/3468044.3468055}, booktitle={HEART ’21: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Highly Efficient Accelerators and Reconfigurable Technologies}, publisher={Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, author={Hansmeier, Tim}, year={2021} }

An Experimental Comparison of Explore/Exploit Strategies for the Learning Classifier System XCS

T. Hansmeier, M. Platzner, in: GECCO '21: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2021, pp. 1639–1647

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@inproceedings{Hansmeier_Platzner_2021, place={New York, NY, United States}, title={An Experimental Comparison of Explore/Exploit Strategies for the Learning Classifier System XCS}, DOI={10.1145/3449726.3463159}, booktitle={GECCO ’21: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion}, publisher={Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, author={Hansmeier, Tim and Platzner, Marco}, year={2021}, pages={1639–1647} }

ReconOS64: High-Performance Embedded Computing for Industrial Analytics on a Reconfigurable System-on-Chip

L. Clausing, in: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Highly Efficient Accelerators and Reconfigurable Technologies, ACM, 2021

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@inproceedings{Clausing_2021, title={ReconOS64: High-Performance Embedded Computing for Industrial Analytics on a Reconfigurable System-on-Chip}, DOI={10.1145/3468044.3468056}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Highly Efficient Accelerators and Reconfigurable Technologies}, publisher={ACM}, author={Clausing, Lennart}, year={2021} }

FLight: FPGA Acceleration of Lightweight DNN Model Inference in Industrial Analytics

H.. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, F. Jentzsch, M. Kuschel, R.. Arshad, S. Rautmare, S. Manjunatha, M. Platzner, A. Boschmann, D.. Schollbach, in: Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 2021

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Jentzsch_Kuschel_Arshad_Rautmare_Manjunatha_Platzner_Boschmann_Schollbach_2021, title={FLight: FPGA Acceleration of Lightweight DNN Model Inference in Industrial Analytics}, booktitle={ Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases}, author={Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Jentzsch, Felix and Kuschel, Maurice and Arshad, Rahil and Rautmare, Sneha and Manjunatha, Suraj and Platzner, Marco and Boschmann, Alexander and Schollbach, Dirk }, year={2021} }

Timing Optimization for Virtual FPGA Configurations

L.M. Witschen, T. Wiersema, M. Raeisi Nafchi, A. Bockhorn, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable Computing (ARC'21), Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2021

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@inproceedings{Witschen_Wiersema_Raeisi Nafchi_Bockhorn_Platzner, series={Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools, and Applications}, title={Timing Optimization for Virtual FPGA Configurations}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-79025-7_4}, booktitle={Proceedings of International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable Computing (ARC’21)}, publisher={Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiersema, Tobias and Raeisi Nafchi, Masood and Bockhorn, Arne and Platzner, Marco}, editor={Hannig, Frank and Derrien, Steven and Diniz, Pedro and Chillet, Daniel}, collection={Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools, and Applications} }

Design of Distributed Reconfigurable Robotics Systems with ReconROS

C. Lienen, M. Platzner, in: arXiv:2107.07208, 2021

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Robotics applications process large amounts of data in real-time and require compute platforms that provide high performance and energy-efficiency. FPGAs are well-suited for many of these applications, but there is a reluctance in the robotics community to use hardware acceleration due to increased design complexity and a lack of consistent programming models across the software/hardware boundary. In this paper we present ReconROS, a framework that integrates the widely-used robot operating system (ROS) with ReconOS, which features multithreaded programming of hardware and software threads for reconfigurable computers. This unique combination gives ROS2 developers the flexibility to transparently accelerate parts of their robotics applications in hardware. We elaborate on the architecture and the design flow for ReconROS and report on a set of experiments that underline the feasibility and flexibility of our approach.

@article{Lienen_Platzner_2021, title={Design of Distributed Reconfigurable Robotics Systems with ReconROS}, journal={arXiv:2107.07208}, author={Lienen, Christian and Platzner, Marco}, year={2021} }

https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07208

MCTS-Based Synthesis Towards Efficient Approximate Accelerators

M. Awais, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, IEEE, 2021, pp. 384-389

Abstract

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Approximate computing (AC) has acquired significant maturity in recent years as a promising approach to obtain energy and area-efficient hardware. Automated approximate accelerator synthesis involves a great deal of complexity on the size of design space which exponentially grows with the number of possible approximations. Design space exploration of approximate accelerator synthesis is usually targeted via heuristic-based search methods. The majority of existing frameworks prune a large part of the design space using a greedy-based approach to keep the problem tractable. Therefore, they result in inferior solutions since many potential solutions are neglected in the pruning process without the possibility of backtracking of removed approximate instances. In this paper, we address the aforementioned issue by adopting Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), as an efficient stochastic learning-based search algorithm, in the context of automated synthesis of approximate accelerators. This enables the synthesis frameworks to deeply subsamples the design space of approximate accelerator synthesis toward most promising approximate instances based on the required performance goals, i.e., power consumption, area, or/and delay. We investigated the challenges of providing an efficient open-source framework that benefits analytical and search-based approximation techniques simultaneously to both speed up the synthesis runtime and improve the quality of obtained results. Besides, we studied the utilization of machine learning algorithms to improve the performance of several critical steps, i.e., accelerator quality testing, in the synthesis framework. The proposed framework can help the community to rapidly generate efficient approximate accelerators in a reasonable runtime.

@inproceedings{Awais_Platzner_2021, title={MCTS-Based Synthesis Towards Efficient Approximate Accelerators}, booktitle={Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Awais, Muhammad and Platzner, Marco}, year={2021}, pages={384–389} }

LDAX: A Learning-based Fast Design Space Exploration Framework for Approximate Circuit Synthesis

M. Awais, H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI) 2021, ACM, 2021, pp. 27-32

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@inproceedings{Awais_Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Platzner_2021, title={LDAX: A Learning-based Fast Design Space Exploration Framework for Approximate Circuit Synthesis}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1145/3453688.3461506}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI) 2021}, publisher={ACM}, author={Awais, Muhammad and Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Platzner, Marco}, year={2021}, pages={27–32} }

MigHEFT: DAG-based Scheduling of Migratable Tasks on Heterogeneous Compute Nodes

A. Lösch, M. Platzner, in: 2020 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW), 2020

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@inproceedings{Lösch_Platzner_2020, title={MigHEFT: DAG-based Scheduling of Migratable Tasks on Heterogeneous Compute Nodes}, DOI={10.1109/ipdpsw50202.2020.00012}, booktitle={2020 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)}, author={Lösch, Achim and Platzner, Marco}, year={2020} }

Optimal and Greedy Heuristic Approaches for Scheduling and Mapping of Hardware Tasks to Reconfigurable Computing Devices

Z. Guetttatfi, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Applied Reconfigurable Computing (ARC), 2020

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{ Guetttatfi_Kaufmann_Platzner_2020, title={Optimal and Greedy Heuristic Approaches for Scheduling and Mapping of Hardware Tasks to Reconfigurable Computing Devices}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Workshop on Applied Reconfigurable Computing (ARC)}, author={ Guetttatfi, Zakarya and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2020} }

Adaptable Realization of Industrial Analytics Functions on Edge-Devices using Reconfigurable Architectures

C.P. Gatica, M. Platzner, in: Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems (ML4CPS 2017), 2020

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@inproceedings{Gatica_Platzner_2020, place={Berlin, Heidelberg}, title={Adaptable Realization of Industrial Analytics Functions on Edge-Devices using Reconfigurable Architectures}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-662-59084-3_9}, booktitle={Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems (ML4CPS 2017)}, author={Gatica, Carlos Paiz and Platzner, Marco}, year={2020} }

Search Space Characterization for AxC Synthesis

L.M. Witschen, T. Wiersema, M. Platzner, in: Fifth Workshop on Approximate Computing (AxC 2020), 2020

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

On the circuit level, the design paradigm Approximate Computing seeks to trade off computational accuracy against a target metric, e.g., energy consumption. This trade-off is possible for many applications due to their inherent resiliency against inaccuracies. In the past, several automated approximation frameworks have been presented, which either utilize designated approximation techniques or libraries to replace approximable circuit parts with inaccurate versions. The frameworks invoke a search algorithm to iteratively explore the search space of performance degraded circuits, and validate their quality individually. In this paper, we propose to reverse this procedure. Rather than exploring the search space, we delineate the approximate parts of the search space which are guaranteed to lead to valid approximate circuits. Our methodology is supported by formal verification and independent of approximation techniques. Eventually, the user is provided with quality bounds of the individual approximable circuit parts. Consequently, our approach guarantees that any approximate circuit which implements these parts within the determined quality constraints satisfies the global quality constraints, superseding a subsequent quality verification. In our experimental results, we present the runtimes of our approach.

@article{Witschen_Wiersema_Platzner, title={Search Space Characterization for AxC Synthesis}, journal={Fifth Workshop on Approximate Computing (AxC 2020)}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiersema, Tobias and Platzner, Marco} }

ReconROS: Flexible Hardware Acceleration for ROS2 Applications

C. Lienen, M. Platzner, B. Rinner, in: Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT), 2020

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Lienen_Platzner_Rinner_2020, title={ReconROS: Flexible Hardware Acceleration for ROS2 Applications}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)}, author={Lienen, Christian and Platzner, Marco and Rinner, Bernhard}, year={2020} }

An Adaption Mechanism for the Error Threshold of XCSF

T. Hansmeier, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: GECCO '20: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020, pp. 1756-1764

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@inproceedings{Hansmeier_Kaufmann_Platzner_2020, place={New York, NY, United States}, title={An Adaption Mechanism for the Error Threshold of XCSF}, DOI={10.1145/3377929.3398106}, booktitle={GECCO ’20: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion}, publisher={Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, author={Hansmeier, Tim and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2020}, pages={1756–1764} }

Enabling XCSF to Cope with Dynamic Environments via an Adaptive Error Threshold

T. Hansmeier, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: GECCO '20: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020, pp. 125-126

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@inproceedings{Hansmeier_Kaufmann_Platzner_2020, place={New York, NY, United States}, title={Enabling XCSF to Cope with Dynamic Environments via an Adaptive Error Threshold}, DOI={10.1145/3377929.3389968}, booktitle={GECCO ’20: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion}, publisher={Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, author={Hansmeier, Tim and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2020}, pages={125–126} }

A Hybrid Synthesis Methodology for Approximate Circuits

M. Awais, H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 30th ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI) 2020, ACM, 2020, pp. 421-426

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Automated synthesis of approximate circuits via functional approximations is of prominent importance to provide efficiency in energy, runtime, and chip area required to execute an application. Approximate circuits are usually obtained either through analytical approximation methods leveraging approximate transformations such as bit-width scaling or via iterative search-based optimization methods when a library of approximate components, e.g., approximate adders and multipliers, is available. For the latter, exploring the extremely large design space is challenging in terms of both computations and quality of results. While the combination of both methods can create more room for further approximations, the \textit{Design Space Exploration}~(DSE) becomes a crucial issue. In this paper, we present such a hybrid synthesis methodology that applies a low-cost analytical method followed by parallel stochastic search-based optimization. We address the DSE challenge through efficient pruning of the design space and skipping unnecessary expensive testing and/or verification steps. The experimental results reveal up to 10.57x area savings in comparison with both purely analytical or search-based approaches.

@inproceedings{Awais_Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Platzner_2020, title={A Hybrid Synthesis Methodology for Approximate Circuits}, DOI={10.1145/3386263.3406952}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 30th ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI) 2020}, publisher={ACM}, author={Awais, Muhammad and Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Platzner, Marco}, year={2020}, pages={421–426} }

Proof-Carrying Hardware Versus the Stealthy Malicious LUT Hardware Trojan

Q.A. Ahmed, T. Wiersema, M. Platzner, in: Applied Reconfigurable Computing, Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 127-136

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Reconfigurable hardware has received considerable attention as a platform that enables dynamic hardware updates and thus is able to adapt new configurations at runtime. However, due to their dynamic nature, e.g., field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are subject to a constant possibility of attacks, since each new configuration might be compromised. Trojans for reconfigurable hardware that evade state-of-the-art detection techniques and even formal verification, are thus a large threat to these devices. One such stealthy hardware Trojan, that is inserted and activated in two stages by compromised electronic design automation (EDA) tools, has recently been presented and shown to evade all forms of classical pre-configuration detection techniques. This paper presents a successful pre-configuration countermeasure against this ``Malicious Look-up-table (LUT)''-hardware Trojan, by employing bitstream-level Proof-Carrying Hardware (PCH). We show that the method is able to alert innocent module creators to infected EDA tools, and to prohibit malicious ones to sell infected modules to unsuspecting customers.

@inproceedings{Ahmed_Wiersema_Platzner_2019, place={Cham}, series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title={Proof-Carrying Hardware Versus the Stealthy Malicious LUT Hardware Trojan}, volume={11444}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-17227-5_10}, booktitle={Applied Reconfigurable Computing}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Ahmed, Qazi Arbab and Wiersema, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, editor={Hochberger, Christian and Nelson, Brent and Koch, Andreas and Woods, Roger and Diniz, Pedro}, year={2019}, pages={127–136}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science} }

An Approach for Mapping Periodic Real-Time Tasks to Reconfigurable Hardware

Z. Guettatfi, M. Platzner, O. Kermia, A. Khouas, in: 2019 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW), IEEE, 2019

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@inproceedings{Guettatfi_Platzner_Kermia_Khouas_2019, title={An Approach for Mapping Periodic Real-Time Tasks to Reconfigurable Hardware}, DOI={10.1109/ipdpsw.2019.00027}, booktitle={2019 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Guettatfi, Zakarya and Platzner, Marco and Kermia, Omar and Khouas, Abdelhakim}, year={2019} }

Jump Search: A Fast Technique for the Synthesis of Approximate Circuits

L.M. Witschen, H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, M. Artmann, M. Platzner, in: Fourth Workshop on Approximate Computing (AxC 2019), 2019

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

State-of-the-art frameworks for generating approximate circuits usually rely on information gained through circuit synthesis and/or verification to explore the search space and to find an optimal solution. Throughout the process, a large number of circuits may be subject to processing, leading to considerable runtimes. In this work, we propose a search which takes error bounds and pre-computed impact factors into account to reduce the number of invoked synthesis and verification processes. In our experimental results, we achieved speed-ups of up to 76x while area savings remain comparable to the reference search method, simulated annealing.

@article{Witschen_Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Artmann_Platzner, title={Jump Search: A Fast Technique for the Synthesis of Approximate Circuits}, journal={Fourth Workshop on Approximate Computing (AxC 2019)}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Artmann, Matthias and Platzner, Marco} }

Optimization of Application-specific L1 Cache Translation Functions of the LEON3 Processor

N. Ho, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), Springer, 2019

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Ho_Kaufmann_Platzner_2019, series={Advances in Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing}, title={Optimization of Application-specific L1 Cache Translation Functions of the LEON3 Processor}, booktitle={World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)}, publisher={Springer}, author={Ho, Nam and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2019}, collection={Advances in Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing} }

Jump Search: A Fast Technique for the Synthesis of Approximate Circuits

L.M. Witschen, H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, M. Artmann, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 2019 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI - GLSVLSI '19, ACM, 2019

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State-of-the-art frameworks for generating approximate circuits automatically explore the search space in an iterative process - often greedily. Synthesis and verification processes are invoked in each iteration to evaluate the found solutions and to guide the search algorithm. As a result, a large number of approximate circuits is subjected to analysis - leading to long runtimes - but only a few approximate circuits might form an acceptable solution. In this paper, we present our Jump Search (JS) method which seeks to reduce the runtime of an approximation process by reducing the number of expensive synthesis and verification steps. To reduce the runtime, JS computes impact factors for each approximation candidate in the circuit to create a selection of approximate circuits without invoking synthesis or verification processes. We denote the selection as path from which JS determines the final solution. In our experimental results, JS achieved speed-ups of up to 57x while area savings remain comparable to the reference search method, Simulated Annealing.

@inproceedings{Witschen_Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Artmann_Platzner_2019, place={New York, NY, USA}, title={Jump Search: A Fast Technique for the Synthesis of Approximate Circuits}, DOI={10.1145/3299874.3317998}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2019 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI - GLSVLSI ’19}, publisher={ACM}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Artmann, Matthias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2019} }

A Highly Accurate Energy Model for Task Execution on Heterogeneous Compute Nodes

A. Lösch, M. Platzner, in: 2018 IEEE 29th International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP), IEEE, 2018

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@inproceedings{Lösch_Platzner_2018, title={A Highly Accurate Energy Model for Task Execution on Heterogeneous Compute Nodes}, DOI={10.1109/asap.2018.8445098}, booktitle={2018 IEEE 29th International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Lösch, Achim and Platzner, Marco}, year={2018} }

CIRCA: Towards a Modular and Extensible Framework for Approximate Circuit Generation

L.M. Witschen, T. Wiersema, H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, M. Awais, M. Platzner, in: Third Workshop on Approximate Computing (AxC 2018), 2018

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

Existing approaches and tools for the generation of approximate circuits often lack generality and are restricted to certain circuit types, approximation techniques, and quality assurance methods. Moreover, only few tools are publicly available. This hinders the development and evaluation of new techniques for approximating circuits and their comparison to previous approaches. In this paper, we ﬁrst analyze and classify related approaches and then present CIRCA, our ﬂexible framework for search-based approximate circuit generation. CIRCA is developed with a focus on modularity and extensibility. We present the architecture of CIRCA with its clear separation into stages and functional blocks, report on the current prototype, and show initial experiments.

@article{Witschen_Wiersema_Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Awais_Platzner, title={CIRCA: Towards a Modular and Extensible Framework for Approximate Circuit Generation}, journal={Third Workshop on Approximate Computing (AxC 2018)}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiersema, Tobias and Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Awais, Muhammad and Platzner, Marco} }

Ampehre: An Open Source Measurement Framework for Heterogeneous Compute Nodes

A. Lösch, A. Wiens, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS), Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 73-84

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

Profiling applications on a heterogeneous compute node is challenging since the way to retrieve data from the resources and interpret them varies between resource types and manufacturers. This holds especially true for measuring the energy consumption. In this paper we present Ampehre, a novel open source measurement framework that allows developers to gather comparable measurements from heterogeneous compute nodes, e.g., nodes comprising CPU, GPU, and FPGA. We explain the architecture of Ampehre and detail the measurement process on the example of energy measurements on CPU and GPU. To characterize the probing effect, we quantitatively analyze the trade-off between the accuracy of measurements and the CPU load imposed by Ampehre. Based on this analysis, we are able to specify reasonable combinations of sampling periods for the different resource types of a compute node.

@inproceedings{Lösch_Wiens_Platzner_2018, place={Cham}, series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title={Ampehre: An Open Source Measurement Framework for Heterogeneous Compute Nodes}, volume={10793}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-77610-1_6}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS)}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Lösch, Achim and Wiens, Alex and Platzner, Marco}, year={2018}, pages={73–84}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science} }

An FPGA/HMC-Based Accelerator for Resolution Proof Checking

T. Hansmeier, M. Platzner, D. Andrews, in: ARC 2018: Applied Reconfigurable Computing. Architectures, Tools, and Applications, Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 153-165

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

Modern Boolean satisfiability solvers can emit proofs of unsatisfiability. There is substantial interest in being able to verify such proofs and also in using them for further computations. In this paper, we present an FPGA accelerator for checking resolution proofs, a popular proof format. Our accelerator exploits parallelism at the low level by implementing the basic resolution step in hardware, and at the high level by instantiating a number of parallel modules for proof checking. Since proof checking involves highly irregular memory accesses, we employ Hybrid Memory Cube technology for accelerator memory. The results show that while the accelerator is scalable and achieves speedups for all benchmark proofs, performance improvements are currently limited by the overhead of transitioning the proof into the accelerator memory.

@inproceedings{Hansmeier_Platzner_Andrews_2018, series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title={An FPGA/HMC-Based Accelerator for Resolution Proof Checking}, volume={10824}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-78890-6_13}, booktitle={ARC 2018: Applied Reconfigurable Computing. Architectures, Tools, and Applications}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Hansmeier, Tim and Platzner, Marco and Andrews, David}, year={2018}, pages={153–165}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science} }

Making the Case for Proof-carrying Approximate Circuits

L.M. Witschen, T. Wiersema, M. Platzner, in: 4th Workshop On Approximate Computing (WAPCO 2018), 2018

Zitation (Bibtex)

@article{Witschen_Wiersema_Platzner_2018, title={Making the Case for Proof-carrying Approximate Circuits}, journal={4th Workshop On Approximate Computing (WAPCO 2018)}, author={Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiersema, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2018} }

An MCTS-based Framework for Synthesis of Approximate Circuits

M. Awais, H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, M. Platzner, in: 26th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC), 2018, pp. 219-224

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

Approximate computing has become a very popular design strategy that exploits error resilient computations to achieve higher performance and energy efﬁciency. Automated synthesis of approximate circuits is performed via functional approximation, in which various parts of the target circuit are extensively examined with a library of approximate components/transformations to trade off the functional accuracy and computational budget (i.e., power). However, as the number of possible approximate transformations increases, traditional search techniques suffer from a combinatorial explosion due to the large branching factor. In this work, we present a comprehensive framework for automated synthesis of approximate circuits from either structural or behavioral descriptions. We adapt the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), as a stochastic search technique, to deal with the large design space exploration, which enables a broader range of potential possible approximations through lightweight random simulations. The proposed framework is able to recognize the design Pareto set even with low computational budgets. Experimental results highlight the capabilities of the proposed synthesis framework by resulting in up to 61.69% energy saving while maintaining the predeﬁned quality constraints.

@inproceedings{Awais_Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Platzner_2018, title={An MCTS-based Framework for Synthesis of Approximate Circuits}, DOI={10.1109/VLSI-SoC.2018.8645026}, booktitle={26th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC)}, author={Awais, Muhammad and Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Platzner, Marco}, year={2018}, pages={219–224} }

reMinMin: A Novel Static Energy-Centric List Scheduling Approach Based on Real Measurements

A. Lösch, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP), 2017

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

Heterogeneous compute nodes in form of CPUs with attached GPU and FPGA accelerators have strongly gained interested in the last years. Applications differ in their execution characteristics and can therefore benefit from such heterogeneous resources in terms of performance or energy consumption. While performance optimization has been the only goal for a long time, nowadays research is more and more focusing on techniques to minimize energy consumption due to rising electricity costs.This paper presents reMinMin, a novel static list scheduling approach for optimizing the total energy consumption for a set of tasks executed on a heterogeneous compute node. reMinMin bases on a new energy model that differentiates between static and dynamic energy components and covers effects of accelerator tasks on the host CPU. The required energy values are retrieved by measurements on the real computing system. In order to evaluate reMinMin, we compare it with two reference implementations on three task sets with different degrees of heterogeneity. In our experiments, MinMin is consistently better than a scheduler optimizing for dynamic energy only, which requires up to 19.43% more energy, and very close to optimal schedules.

@inproceedings{Lösch_Platzner_2017, title={reMinMin: A Novel Static Energy-Centric List Scheduling Approach Based on Real Measurements}, DOI={10.1109/ASAP.2017.7995272}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP)}, author={Lösch, Achim and Platzner, Marco}, year={2017} }

I-Codesign: A Codesign Methodology for Reconfigurable Embedded Systems

I. Ghribi, R.B. Abdallah, M. Khalgui, M. Platzner, in: Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer , 2017

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Ghribi_Abdallah_Khalgui_Platzner_2017, place={Cham}, title={I-Codesign: A Codesign Methodology for Reconfigurable Embedded Systems}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-62569-0_8}, booktitle={Communications in Computer and Information Science}, publisher={Springer }, author={Ghribi, Ines and Abdallah, Riadh Ben and Khalgui, Mohamed and Platzner, Marco}, year={2017} }

Parametrizing Cartesian Genetic Programming: An Empirical Study

P. Kaufmann, R. Kalkreuth, in: KI 2017: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 40th Annual German Conference on AI, Springer International Publishing, 2017

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Kaufmann_Kalkreuth_2017, title={Parametrizing Cartesian Genetic Programming: An Empirical Study}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-67190-1_26}, booktitle={KI 2017: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 40th Annual German Conference on AI}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Kaufmann, Paul and Kalkreuth, Roman}, year={2017} }

Evaluation Methodology for Complex Non-deterministic Functions: A Case Study in Metaheuristic Optimization of Caches

P. Kaufmann, N. Ho, M. Platzner, in: Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS), IEEE, 2017

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Kaufmann_Ho_Platzner_2017, title={Evaluation Methodology for Complex Non-deterministic Functions: A Case Study in Metaheuristic Optimization of Caches}, DOI={10.1109/AHS.2017.8046380}, booktitle={Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Kaufmann, Paul and Ho, Nam and Platzner, Marco}, year={2017} }

An Empirical Study on the Parametrization of Cartesian Genetic Programming

P. Kaufmann, R. Kalkreuth, in: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO), Compendium, ACM, 2017

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Kaufmann_Kalkreuth_2017, title={An Empirical Study on the Parametrization of Cartesian Genetic Programming}, DOI={10.1145/3067695.3075980}, booktitle={Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO), Compendium}, publisher={ACM}, author={Kaufmann, Paul and Kalkreuth, Roman}, year={2017} }

Computational self-awareness as design approach for visual sensor nodes

Z. Guettatfi, P. Hübner, M. Platzner, B. Rinner, in: 12th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Communication-centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC), 2017, pp. 1-8

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Guettatfi_Hübner_Platzner_Rinner_2017, title={Computational self-awareness as design approach for visual sensor nodes}, DOI={10.1109/ReCoSoC.2017.8016147}, booktitle={12th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Communication-centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC)}, author={Guettatfi, Zakarya and Hübner, Philipp and Platzner, Marco and Rinner, Bernhard}, year={2017}, pages={1–8} }

A Zynq-based dynamically reconfigurable high density myoelectric prosthesis controller

A. Boschmann, G. Thombansen, L.M. Witschen, A. Wiens, M. Platzner, in: Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), 2017

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Boschmann_Thombansen_Witschen_Wiens_Platzner_2017, title={A Zynq-based dynamically reconfigurable high density myoelectric prosthesis controller}, DOI={10.23919/DATE.2017.7927137}, booktitle={Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE)}, author={Boschmann, Alexander and Thombansen, Georg and Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiens, Alex and Platzner, Marco}, year={2017} }

Accurate Private/Shared Classification of Memory Accesses: a Run-time Analysis System for the LEON3 Multi-core Processor

N. Ho, I.I. Ashraf, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: Proc. Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conf. (DATE), 2017

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Ho_Ashraf_Kaufmann_Platzner_2017, title={Accurate Private/Shared Classification of Memory Accesses: a Run-time Analysis System for the LEON3 Multi-core Processor}, DOI={10.23919/DATE.2017.7927096}, booktitle={Proc. Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conf. (DATE)}, author={Ho, Nam and Ashraf, Ishraq Ibne and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2017} }

Evolvable caches: Optimization of reconfigurable cache mappings for a LEON3/Linux-based multi-core processor

N. Ho, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: 2017 International Conference on Field Programmable Technology (ICFPT), 2017, pp. 215-218

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Ho_Kaufmann_Platzner_2017, title={Evolvable caches: Optimization of reconfigurable cache mappings for a LEON3/Linux-based multi-core processor}, DOI={10.1109/FPT.2017.8280144}, booktitle={2017 International Conference on Field Programmable Technology (ICFPT)}, author={Ho, Nam and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2017}, pages={215–218} }

FPGA-based acceleration of high density myoelectric signal processing

A. Boschmann, A. Agne, L. Witschen, G. Thombansen, F. Kraus, M. Platzner, in: 2015 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), IEEE, 2016

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Boschmann_Agne_Witschen_Thombansen_Kraus_Platzner_2016, title={FPGA-based acceleration of high density myoelectric signal processing}, DOI={10.1109/reconfig.2015.7393312}, booktitle={2015 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Boschmann, Alexander and Agne, Andreas and Witschen, Linus and Thombansen, Georg and Kraus, Florian and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016} }

Performance-centric scheduling with task migration for a heterogeneous compute node in the data center

A. Lösch, T. Beisel, T. Kenter, C. Plessl, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), EDA Consortium / IEEE, 2016, pp. 912-917

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

The use of heterogeneous computing resources, such as Graphic Processing Units or other specialized coprocessors, has become widespread in recent years because of their per- formance and energy efficiency advantages. Approaches for managing and scheduling tasks to heterogeneous resources are still subject to research. Although queuing systems have recently been extended to support accelerator resources, a general solution that manages heterogeneous resources at the operating system- level to exploit a global view of the system state is still missing.In this paper we present a user space scheduler that enables task scheduling and migration on heterogeneous processing resources in Linux. Using run queues for available resources we perform scheduling decisions based on the system state and on task characterization from earlier measurements. With a pro- gramming pattern that supports the integration of checkpoints into applications, we preempt tasks and migrate them between three very different compute resources. Considering static and dynamic workload scenarios, we show that this approach can gain up to 17% performance, on average 7%, by effectively avoiding idle resources. We demonstrate that a work-conserving strategy without migration is no suitable alternative.

@inproceedings{Lösch_Beisel_Kenter_Plessl_Platzner_2016, title={Performance-centric scheduling with task migration for a heterogeneous compute node in the data center}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)}, publisher={EDA Consortium / IEEE}, author={Lösch, Achim and Beisel, Tobias and Kenter, Tobias and Plessl, Christian and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016}, pages={912–917} }

FPGA-based acceleration of high density myoelectric signal processing

A. Boschmann, A. Agne, L.M. Witschen, G. Thombansen, F. Kraus, M. Platzner, in: 2015 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), IEEE, 2016

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Boschmann_Agne_Witschen_Thombansen_Kraus_Platzner_2016, title={FPGA-based acceleration of high density myoelectric signal processing}, DOI={10.1109/reconfig.2015.7393312}, booktitle={2015 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Boschmann, Alexander and Agne, Andreas and Witschen, Linus Matthias and Thombansen, Georg and Kraus, Florian and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016} }

Verifying Worst-Case Completion Times for Reconfigurable Hardware Modules using Proof-Carrying Hardware

T. Wiersema, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Communication-centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC 2016), 2016, pp. 1--8

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

Runtime reconfiguration can be used to replace hardware modules in the field and even to continuously improve them during operation. Runtime reconfiguration poses new challenges for validation, since the required properties of newly arriving modules may be difficult to check fast enough to sustain the intended system dynamics. In this paper we present a method for just-in-time verification of the worst-case completion time of a reconfigurable hardware module. We assume so-called run-to-completion modules that exhibit start and done signals indicating the start and end of execution, respectively. We present a formal verification approach that exploits the concept of proof-carrying hardware. The approach tasks the creator of a hardware module with constructing a proof of the worst-case completion time, which can then easily be checked by the user of the module, just prior to reconfiguration. After explaining the verification approach and a corresponding tool flow, we present results from two case studies, a short term synthesis filter and a multihead weigher. The resultsclearly show that cost of verifying the completion time of the module is paid by the creator instead of the user of the module.

@inproceedings{Wiersema_Platzner_2016, title={Verifying Worst-Case Completion Times for Reconfigurable Hardware Modules using Proof-Carrying Hardware}, DOI={10.1109/ReCoSoC.2016.7533910}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Communication-centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC 2016)}, author={Wiersema, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016}, pages={1--8} }

Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks in Monte Carlo Tree Search

T. Graf, M. Platzner, in: Computer and Games, 2016

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Graf_Platzner_2016, title={Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks in Monte Carlo Tree Search}, booktitle={Computer and Games}, author={Graf, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016} }

Monte-Carlo Simulation Balancing Revisited

T. Graf, M. Platzner, in: IEEE Computational Intelligence and Games, 2016

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Graf_Platzner_2016, title={Monte-Carlo Simulation Balancing Revisited}, booktitle={IEEE Computational Intelligence and Games}, author={Graf, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016} }

Thread Shadowing: On the Effectiveness of Error Detection at the Hardware Thread Level

S. Meisner, M. Platzner, in: Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), 2016 International Conference on, 2016, pp. 1-8

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Meisner_Platzner_2016, series={ReConFig}, title={Thread Shadowing: On the Effectiveness of Error Detection at the Hardware Thread Level}, DOI={10.1109/ReConFig.2016.7857193}, booktitle={Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), 2016 International Conference on}, author={Meisner, Sebastian and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016}, pages={1–8}, collection={ReConFig} }

RCo-Design: New Visual Environment for Reconfigurable Embedded Systems

I. Ghribi, R. Ben Abdallah, M. Khalgui, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 30th European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM), 2016

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Ghribi_Ben Abdallah_Khalgui_Platzner_2016, title={RCo-Design: New Visual Environment for Reconfigurable Embedded Systems}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 30th European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM)}, author={Ghribi, Ines and Ben Abdallah, Riadh and Khalgui, Mohamed and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016} }

New Co-design Methodology for Real-time Embedded Systems

I. Ghribi, R. Ben Abdallah, M. Khalgui, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications (ICSOFT-EA), 2016, pp. 185-195

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Ghribi_Ben Abdallah_Khalgui_Platzner_2016, title={New Co-design Methodology for Real-time Embedded Systems}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications (ICSOFT-EA)}, author={Ghribi, Ines and Ben Abdallah, Riadh and Khalgui, Mohamed and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016}, pages={185–195} }

A novel immersive augmented reality system for prosthesis training and assessment

A. Boschmann, S. Dosen, A. Werner, A. Raies, D. Farina, in: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Biomed. Health Informatics (BHI), 2016

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Boschmann_Dosen_Werner_Raies_Farina_2016, title={A novel immersive augmented reality system for prosthesis training and assessment}, booktitle={Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Biomed. Health Informatics (BHI)}, author={Boschmann, Alexander and Dosen, Strahinja and Werner, Andreas and Raies, Ali and Farina, Dario}, year={2016} }

Boolean Difference Based Reliability Evaluation of Fault Tolerant Circuit Structures on FPGAs

J. Anwer, M. Platzner, in: Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD), 2016

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Anwer_Platzner_2016, title={Boolean Difference Based Reliability Evaluation of Fault Tolerant Circuit Structures on FPGAs}, DOI={10.1109/DSD.2016.35}, booktitle={Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)}, author={Anwer, Jahanzeb and Platzner, Marco}, year={2016} }

Easy-to-Use On-The-Fly Binary Program Acceleration on Many-Cores

M. Damschen, C. Plessl, in: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Self-tuning Computing Systems (ADAPT), 2015

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

Download

arXiv

This paper introduces Binary Acceleration At Runtime(BAAR), an easy-to-use on-the-fly binary acceleration mechanismwhich aims to tackle the problem of enabling existentsoftware to automatically utilize accelerators at runtime. BAARis based on the LLVM Compiler Infrastructure and has aclient-server architecture. The client runs the program to beaccelerated in an environment which allows program analysisand profiling. Program parts which are identified as suitable forthe available accelerator are exported and sent to the server.The server optimizes these program parts for the acceleratorand provides RPC execution for the client. The client transformsits program to utilize accelerated execution on the server foroffloaded program parts. We evaluate our work with a proofof-concept implementation of BAAR that uses an Intel XeonPhi 5110P as the acceleration target and performs automaticoffloading, parallelization and vectorization of suitable programparts. The practicality of BAAR for real-world examples is shownbased on a study of stencil codes. Our results show a speedup ofup to 4 without any developer-provided hints and 5.77 withhints over the same code compiled with the Intel Compiler atoptimization level O2 and running on an Intel Xeon E5-2670machine. Based on our insights gained during implementationand evaluation we outline future directions of research, e.g.,offloading more fine-granular program parts than functions, amore sophisticated communication mechanism or introducing onstack-replacement.

@inproceedings{Damschen_Plessl_2015, title={Easy-to-Use On-The-Fly Binary Program Acceleration on Many-Cores}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Self-tuning Computing Systems (ADAPT)}, author={Damschen, Marvin and Plessl, Christian}, year={2015} }

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On-The-Fly Verification of Reconfigurable Image Processing Modules based on a Proof-Carrying Hardware Approach

T. Wiersema, S. Wu, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Reconfigurable Computing (ARC), 2015, pp. 365--372

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

Proof-carrying hardware is an approach that has recently been proposed for the efficient verification of reconfigurable modules. We present an application of proof-carrying hardware to guarantee the correct functionality of dynamically reconfigured image processing modules. Our prototype comprises a reconfigurable-system-on-chip with an embedded virtual FPGA fabric. This setup allows us to leverage open source FPGA synthesis and backend tools to produce FPGA configuration bitstreams with an open format and, thus, to demonstrate and experimentally evaluate proof-carrying hardware at the bitstream level.

@inproceedings{Wiersema_Wu_Platzner_2015, series={LNCS}, title={On-The-Fly Verification of Reconfigurable Image Processing Modules based on a Proof-Carrying Hardware Approach}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-16214-0_32}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium in Reconfigurable Computing (ARC)}, author={Wiersema, Tobias and Wu, Sen and Platzner, Marco}, year={2015}, pages={365--372}, collection={LNCS} }

Transparent offloading of computational hotspots from binary code to Xeon Phi

M. Damschen, H. Riebler, G.F. Vaz, C. Plessl, in: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), EDA Consortium / IEEE, 2015, pp. 1078-1083

Abstract

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

In this paper, we study how binary applications can be transparently accelerated with novel heterogeneous computing resources without requiring any manual porting or developer-provided hints. Our work is based on Binary Acceleration At Runtime (BAAR), our previously introduced binary acceleration mechanism that uses the LLVM Compiler Infrastructure. BAAR is designed as a client-server architecture. The client runs the program to be accelerated in an environment, which allows program analysis and profiling and identifies and extracts suitable program parts to be offloaded. The server compiles and optimizes these offloaded program parts for the accelerator and offers access to these functions to the client with a remote procedure call (RPC) interface. Our previous work proved the feasibility of our approach, but also showed that communication time and overheads limit the granularity of functions that can be meaningfully offloaded. In this work, we motivate the importance of a lightweight, high-performance communication between server and client and present a communication mechanism based on the Message Passing Interface (MPI). We evaluate our approach by using an Intel Xeon Phi 5110P as the acceleration target and show that the communication overhead can be reduced from 40% to 10%, thus enabling even small hotspots to benefit from offloading to an accelerator.

@inproceedings{Damschen_Riebler_Vaz_Plessl_2015, title={Transparent offloading of computational hotspots from binary code to Xeon Phi}, DOI={10.7873/DATE.2015.1124}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE)}, publisher={EDA Consortium / IEEE}, author={Damschen, Marvin and Riebler, Heinrich and Vaz, Gavin Francis and Plessl, Christian}, year={2015}, pages={1078–1083} }

Improving Packet Processing Performance in the ATLAS FELIX Project – Analysis and Optimization of a Memory-Bounded Algorithm

J. Schumacher, J. T. Anderson, A. Borga, H. Boterenbrood, H. Chen, K. Chen, G. Drake, D. Francis, B. Gorini, F. Lanni, G. Lehmann-Miotto, L. Levinson, J. Narevicius, C. Plessl, A. Roich, S. Ryu, F. P. Schreuder, W. Vandelli, J. Vermeulen, J. Zhang, in: Proc. Int. Conf. on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS), ACM, 2015

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Schumacher_T. Anderson_Borga_Boterenbrood_Chen_Chen_Drake_Francis_Gorini_Lanni_et al._2015, title={Improving Packet Processing Performance in the ATLAS FELIX Project – Analysis and Optimization of a Memory-Bounded Algorithm}, DOI={10.1145/2675743.2771824}, booktitle={Proc. Int. Conf. on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS)}, publisher={ACM}, author={Schumacher, Jörn and T. Anderson, J. and Borga, A. and Boterenbrood, H. and Chen, H. and Chen, K. and Drake, G. and Francis, D. and Gorini, B. and Lanni, F. and et al.}, year={2015} }

Adaptive Playouts in Monte-Carlo Tree Search with Policy-Gradient Reinforcement Learning

T. Graf, M. Platzner, in: Advances in Computer Games: 14th International Conference, ACG 2015, Leiden, The Netherlands, July 1-3, 2015, Revised Selected Papers, Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 1-11

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Graf_Platzner_2015, title={Adaptive Playouts in Monte-Carlo Tree Search with Policy-Gradient Reinforcement Learning}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-27992-3_1}, booktitle={Advances in Computer Games: 14th International Conference, ACG 2015, Leiden, The Netherlands, July 1-3, 2015, Revised Selected Papers}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Graf, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2015}, pages={1–11} }

Comparison of thread signatures for error detection in hybrid multi-cores

S. Meisner, M. Platzner, in: Field Programmable Technology (FPT), 2015 International Conference on, 2015, pp. 212-215

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Meisner_Platzner_2015, series={FPT}, title={Comparison of thread signatures for error detection in hybrid multi-cores}, DOI={10.1109/FPT.2015.7393153}, booktitle={Field Programmable Technology (FPT), 2015 International Conference on}, author={Meisner, Sebastian and Platzner, Marco}, year={2015}, pages={212–215}, collection={FPT} }

Significant papers from the first 25 years of the FPL conference

P. H.W. Leong, H. Amano, J. Anderson, K. Bertels, J. M.P. Cardoso, O. Diessel, G. Gogniat, M. Hutton, J. Lee, W. Luk, P. Lysaght, M. Platzner, V. K. Prasanna, T. Rissa, C. Silvano, H. So, Y. Wang, in: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL), Imperial College, 2015, pp. 1-3

Zitation (Bibtex)

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@inproceedings{H.W. Leong_Amano_Anderson_Bertels_M.P. Cardoso_Diessel_Gogniat_Hutton_Lee_Luk_et al._2015, title={Significant papers from the first 25 years of the FPL conference}, DOI={10.1109/FPL.2015.7293747}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)}, publisher={Imperial College}, author={H.W. Leong, Philip and Amano, Hideharu and Anderson, Jason and Bertels, Koen and M.P. Cardoso, Jo\~ao and Diessel, Oliver and Gogniat, Guy and Hutton, Mike and Lee, JunKyu and Luk, Wayne and et al.}, year={2015}, pages={1–3} }

New Codesign Solutions for Modelling and Partitioning of Probabilistic Reconfigurable Embedded Software

I. Ghribi, R. Ben Abdallah, M. Khalgui, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 29th European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM), 2015

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Ghribi_Ben Abdallah_Khalgui_Platzner_2015, title={New Codesign Solutions for Modelling and Partitioning of Probabilistic Reconfigurable Embedded Software}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 29th European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM)}, author={Ghribi, Ines and Ben Abdallah, Riadh and Khalgui, Mohamed and Platzner, Marco}, year={2015} }

On the design of a fault tolerant ripple-carry adder with controllable-polarity transistors

H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, P. Gaillardon, J. Zhang, G. De Micheli, E. Sanchez, M.S. Reorda, in: 2015 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, IEEE, 2015, pp. 491-496

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@inproceedings{Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Gaillardon_Zhang_De Micheli_Sanchez_Reorda_2015, title={On the design of a fault tolerant ripple-carry adder with controllable-polarity transistors}, DOI={10.1109/ISVLSI.2015.13}, booktitle={2015 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Gaillardon, Pierre-Emmanuel and Zhang, Jian and De Micheli, Giovanni and Sanchez, Eduardo and Reorda, Matteo Sonza}, year={2015}, pages={491–496} }

Fault modeling in controllable polarity silicon nanowire circuits

H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, P. Gaillardon, G. De Micheli, in: Proceedings of the 2015 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference \& Exhibition, EDA Consortium, 2015, pp. 453-458

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@inproceedings{Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Gaillardon_De Micheli_2015, title={Fault modeling in controllable polarity silicon nanowire circuits}, DOI={10.7873/DATE.2015.0428}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2015 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference \& Exhibition}, publisher={EDA Consortium}, author={Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Gaillardon, Pierre-Emmanuel and De Micheli, Giovanni}, year={2015}, pages={453–458} }

Over effective hard real-time hardware tasks scheduling and allocation

Z. Guettatfi, O. Kermia, A. Khouas, in: 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL), Imperial College, 2015

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@inproceedings{Guettatfi_Kermia_Khouas_2015, title={Over effective hard real-time hardware tasks scheduling and allocation}, DOI={10.1109/FPL.2015.7293994}, booktitle={25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)}, publisher={Imperial College}, author={Guettatfi, Zakarya and Kermia, Omar and Khouas, Abdelhakim}, year={2015} }

Microarchitectural optimization by means of reconfigurable and evolvable cache mappings

N. Ho, A.F. Ahmed, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: Proc. NASA/ESA Conf. Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS), 2015, pp. 1-7

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@inproceedings{Ho_Ahmed_Kaufmann_Platzner_2015, title={Microarchitectural optimization by means of reconfigurable and evolvable cache mappings}, DOI={10.1109/AHS.2015.7231178}, booktitle={Proc. NASA/ESA Conf. Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS)}, author={Ho, Nam and Ahmed, Abdullah Fathi and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2015}, pages={1–7} }

Generator Start-up Sequences Optimization for Network Restoration Using Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing

P. Kaufmann, C. Shen, in: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO), ACM, 2015, pp. 409-416

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Kaufmann_Shen_2015, title={Generator Start-up Sequences Optimization for Network Restoration Using Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing}, booktitle={Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO)}, publisher={ACM}, author={Kaufmann, Paul and Shen, Cong}, year={2015}, pages={409–416} }

Deferring Accelerator Offloading Decisions to Application Runtime

G.F. Vaz, H. Riebler, T. Kenter, C. Plessl, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), IEEE, 2014, pp. 1-8

Abstract

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Reconfigurable architectures provide an opportunityto accelerate a wide range of applications, frequentlyby exploiting data-parallelism, where the same operations arehomogeneously executed on a (large) set of data. However, whenthe sequential code is executed on a host CPU and only dataparallelloops are executed on an FPGA coprocessor, a sufficientlylarge number of loop iterations (trip counts) is required, such thatthe control- and data-transfer overheads to the coprocessor canbe amortized. However, the trip count of large data-parallel loopsis frequently not known at compile time, but only at runtime justbefore entering a loop. Therefore, we propose to generate codeboth for the CPU and the coprocessor, and to defer the decisionwhere to execute the appropriate code to the runtime of theapplication when the trip count of the loop can be determinedjust at runtime. We demonstrate how an LLVM compiler basedtoolflow can automatically insert appropriate decision blocks intothe application code. Analyzing popular benchmark suites, weshow that this kind of runtime decisions is often applicable. Thepractical feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by a toolflowthat automatically identifies loops suitable for vectorization andgenerates code for the FPGA coprocessor of a Convey HC-1. Thetoolflow adds decisions based on a comparison of the runtimecomputedtrip counts to thresholds for specific loops and alsoincludes support to move just the required data to the coprocessor.We evaluate the integrated toolflow with characteristic loopsexecuted on different input data sizes.

@inproceedings{Vaz_Riebler_Kenter_Plessl_2014, title={Deferring Accelerator Offloading Decisions to Application Runtime}, DOI={10.1109/ReConFig.2014.7032509}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Vaz, Gavin Francis and Riebler, Heinrich and Kenter, Tobias and Plessl, Christian}, year={2014}, pages={1–8} }

Embedding FPGA Overlays into Configurable Systems-on-Chip: ReconOS meets ZUMA

T. Wiersema, A. Bockhorn, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), 2014, pp. 1-6

Abstract

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Virtual FPGAs are overlay architectures realized on top of physical FPGAs. They are proposed to enhance or abstract away from the physical FPGA for experimenting with novel architectures and design tool flows. In this paper, we present an embedding of a ZUMA-based virtual FPGA fabric into a complete configurable system-on-chip. Such an embedding is required to fully harness the potential of virtual FPGAs, in particular to give the virtual circuits access to main memory and operating system services, and to enable a concurrent operation of virtualized and non-virtualized circuitry. We discuss our extension to ZUMA and its embedding into the ReconOS operating system for hardware/software systems. Furthermore, we present an open source tool flow to synthesize configurations for the virtual FPGA.

@inproceedings{Wiersema_Bockhorn_Platzner_2014, title={Embedding FPGA Overlays into Configurable Systems-on-Chip: ReconOS meets ZUMA}, DOI={10.1109/ReConFig.2014.7032514}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)}, author={Wiersema, Tobias and Bockhorn, Arne and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014}, pages={1–6} }

Integrating Software and Hardware Verification

M. Jakobs, M. Platzner, T. Wiersema, H. Wehrheim, in: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods (iFM), 2014, pp. 307-322

Abstract

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Verification of hardware and software usually proceeds separately, software analysis relying on the correctness of processors executing instructions. This assumption is valid as long as the software runs on standard CPUs that have been extensively validated and are in wide use. However, for processors exploiting custom instruction set extensions to meet performance and energy constraints the validation might be less extensive, challenging the correctness assumption.In this paper we present an approach for integrating software analyses with hardware verification, specifically targeting custom instruction set extensions. We propose three different techniques for deriving the properties to be proven for the hardware implementation of a custom instruction in order to support software analyses. The techniques are designed to explore the trade-off between generality and efficiency and span from proving functional equivalence over checking the rules of a particular analysis domain to verifying actual pre and post conditions resulting from program analysis. We demonstrate and compare the three techniques on example programs with custom instructions, using stateof-the-art software and hardware verification techniques.

@inproceedings{Jakobs_Platzner_Wiersema_Wehrheim_2014, series={LNCS}, title={Integrating Software and Hardware Verification}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-10181-1_19}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods (iFM)}, author={Jakobs, Marie-Christine and Platzner, Marco and Wiersema, Tobias and Wehrheim, Heike}, editor={Albert, Elvira and Sekerinski, EmilEditors}, year={2014}, pages={307–322}, collection={LNCS} }

Kernel-Centric Acceleration of High Accuracy Stereo-Matching

T. Kenter, H. Schmitz, C. Plessl, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), IEEE, 2014, pp. 1-8

Abstract

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Stereo-matching algorithms recently received a lot of attention from the FPGA acceleration community. Presented solutions range from simple, very resource efficient systems with modest matching quality for small embedded systems to sophisticated algorithms with several processing steps, implemented on big FPGAs. In order to achieve high throughput, most implementations strongly focus on pipelining and data reuse between different computation steps. This approach leads to high efficiency, but limits the supported computation patterns and due the high integration of the implementation, adaptions to the algorithm are difficult. In this work, we present a stereo-matching implementation, that starts by offloading individual kernels from the CPU to the FPGA. Between subsequent compute steps on the FPGA, data is stored off-chip in on-board memory of the FPGA accelerator card. This enables us to accelerate the AD-census algorithm with cross-based aggregation and scanline optimization for the first time without algorithmic changes and for up to full HD image dimensions. Analyzing throughput and bandwidth requirements, we outline some trade-offs that are involved with this approach, compared to tighter integration of more kernel loops into one design.

@inproceedings{Kenter_Schmitz_Plessl_2014, title={Kernel-Centric Acceleration of High Accuracy Stereo-Matching}, DOI={10.1109/ReConFig.2014.7032535}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Kenter, Tobias and Schmitz, Henning and Plessl, Christian}, year={2014}, pages={1–8} }

Memory Security in Reconfigurable Computers: Combining Formal Verification with Monitoring

T. Wiersema, S. Drzevitzky, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT), 2014, pp. 167-174

Abstract

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Ensuring memory access security is a challenge for reconfigurable systems with multiple cores. Previous work introduced access monitors attached to the memory subsystem to ensure that the cores adhere to pre-defined protocols when accessing memory. In this paper, we combine access monitors with a formal runtime verification technique known as proof-carrying hardware to guarantee memory security. We extend previous work on proof-carrying hardware by covering sequential circuits and demonstrate our approach with a prototype leveraging ReconOS/Zynq with an embedded ZUMA virtual FPGA overlay. Experiments show the feasibility of the approach and the capabilities of the prototype, which constitutes the first realization of proof-carrying hardware on real FPGAs. The area overheads for the virtual FPGA are measured as 2x-10x, depending on the resource type. The delay overhead is substantial with almost 100x, but this is an extremely pessimistic estimate that will be lowered once accurate timing analysis for FPGA overlays become available. Finally, reconfiguration time for the virtual FPGA is about one order of magnitude lower than for the native Zynq fabric.

@inproceedings{Wiersema_Drzevitzky_Platzner_2014, title={Memory Security in Reconfigurable Computers: Combining Formal Verification with Monitoring}, DOI={10.1109/FPT.2014.7082771}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)}, author={Wiersema, Tobias and Drzevitzky, Stephanie and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014}, pages={167–174} }

Partitioning and Vectorizing Binary Applications for a Reconfigurable Vector Computer

T. Kenter, G.F. Vaz, C. Plessl, in: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools, and Applications (ARC), Springer International Publishing, 2014, pp. 144-155

Abstract

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In order to leverage the use of reconfigurable architectures in general-purpose computing, quick and automated methods to find suitable accelerator designs are required. We tackle this challenge in both regards. In order to avoid long synthesis times, we target a vector copro- cessor, implemented on the FPGAs of a Convey HC-1. Previous studies showed that existing tools were not able to accelerate a real-world application with low effort. We present a toolflow to automatically identify suitable loops for vectorization, generate a corresponding hardware/software bipartition, and generate coprocessor code. Where applicable, we leverage outer-loop vectorization. We evaluate our tools with a set of characteristic loops, systematically analyzing different dependency and data layout properties.

@inproceedings{Kenter_Vaz_Plessl_2014, place={Cham}, series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)}, title={Partitioning and Vectorizing Binary Applications for a Reconfigurable Vector Computer}, volume={8405}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-05960-0_13}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools, and Applications (ARC)}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Kenter, Tobias and Vaz, Gavin Francis and Plessl, Christian}, year={2014}, pages={144–155}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)} }

Reconstructing AES Key Schedules from Decayed Memory with FPGAs

H. Riebler, T. Kenter, C. Plessl, C. Sorge, in: Proceedings of Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM), IEEE, 2014, pp. 222-229

Abstract

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In this paper, we study how AES key schedules can be reconstructed from decayed memory. This operation is a crucial and time consuming operation when trying to break encryption systems with cold-boot attacks. In software, the reconstruction of the AES master key can be performed using a recursive, branch-and-bound tree-search algorithm that exploits redundancies in the key schedule for constraining the search space. In this work, we investigate how this branch-and-bound algorithm can be accelerated with FPGAs. We translated the recursive search procedure to a state machine with an explicit stack for each recursion level and create optimized datapaths to accelerate in particular the processing of the most frequently accessed tree levels. We support two different decay models, of which especially the more realistic non-idealized asymmetric decay model causes very high runtimes in software. Our implementation on a Maxeler dataflow computing system outperforms a software implementation for this model by up to 27x, which makes cold-boot attacks against AES practical even for high error rates.

@inproceedings{Riebler_Kenter_Plessl_Sorge_2014, title={Reconstructing AES Key Schedules from Decayed Memory with FPGAs}, DOI={10.1109/FCCM.2014.67}, booktitle={Proceedings of Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Riebler, Heinrich and Kenter, Tobias and Plessl, Christian and Sorge, Christoph}, year={2014}, pages={222–229} }

Thread Shadowing: Using Dynamic Redundancy on Hybrid Multi-cores for Error Detection

S. Meisner, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable Computing (ARC), Springer, 2014, pp. 283-290

Abstract

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Dynamic thread duplication is a known redundancy technique for multi-cores. The approach duplicates a thread under observation for some time period and compares the signatures of the two threads to detect errors. Hybrid multi-cores, typically implemented on platform FPGAs, enable the unique option of running the thread under observation and its copy in different modalities, i.e., software and hardware. We denote our dynamic redundancy technique on hybrid multi-cores as thread shadowing. In this paper we present the concept of thread shadowing and an implementation on a multi-threaded hybrid multi-core architecture. We report on experiments with a block-processing application and demonstrate the overheads, detection latencies and coverage for a range of thread shadowing modes. The results show that trans-modal thread shadowing, although bearing long detection latencies, offers attractive coverage at a low overhead.

@inproceedings{Meisner_Platzner_2014, series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title={Thread Shadowing: Using Dynamic Redundancy on Hybrid Multi-cores for Error Detection}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-05960-0_30}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable Computing (ARC)}, publisher={Springer}, author={Meisner, Sebastian and Platzner, Marco}, editor={Goehringer, Diana and Santambrogio, MarcoDomenico and Cardoso, JoãoM.P. and Bertels, KoenEditors}, year={2014}, pages={283–290}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science} }

On Semeai Detection in Monte-Carlo Go

T. Graf, L. Schaefers, M. Platzner, in: Proc. Conf. on Computers and Games (CG), Springer, 2014, pp. 14-25

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@inproceedings{Graf_Schaefers_Platzner_2014, place={Switzerland}, series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title={On Semeai Detection in Monte-Carlo Go}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-09165-5_2}, number={8427}, booktitle={Proc. Conf. on Computers and Games (CG)}, publisher={Springer}, author={Graf, Tobias and Schaefers, Lars and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014}, pages={14–25}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science} }

Runtime Resource Management in Heterogeneous System Architectures: The SAVE Approach

G. C. Durelli, M. Pogliani, A. Miele, C. Plessl, H. Riebler, G.F. Vaz, M. D. Santambrogio, C. Bolchini, in: Proc. Int. Symp. on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications (ISPA), IEEE, 2014, pp. 142-149

Zitation (Bibtex)

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@inproceedings{C. Durelli_Pogliani_Miele_Plessl_Riebler_Vaz_D. Santambrogio_Bolchini_2014, title={Runtime Resource Management in Heterogeneous System Architectures: The SAVE Approach}, DOI={10.1109/ISPA.2014.27}, booktitle={Proc. Int. Symp. on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications (ISPA)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={C. Durelli, Gianluca and Pogliani, Marcello and Miele, Antonio and Plessl, Christian and Riebler, Heinrich and Vaz, Gavin Francis and D. Santambrogio, Marco and Bolchini, Cristiana}, year={2014}, pages={142–149} }

SAVE: Towards efficient resource management in heterogeneous system architectures

G. C. Durelli, M. Copolla, K. Djafarian, G. Koranaros, A. Miele, M. Paolino, O. Pell, C. Plessl, M. D. Santambrogio, C. Bolchini, in: Proc. Int. Conf. on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools and Applications (ARC), Springer, 2014

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@inproceedings{C. Durelli_Copolla_Djafarian_Koranaros_Miele_Paolino_Pell_Plessl_D. Santambrogio_Bolchini_2014, title={SAVE: Towards efficient resource management in heterogeneous system architectures}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-05960-0_38}, booktitle={Proc. Int. Conf. on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools and Applications (ARC)}, publisher={Springer}, author={C. Durelli, Gianluca and Copolla, Marcello and Djafarian, Karim and Koranaros, George and Miele, Antonio and Paolino, Michele and Pell, Oliver and Plessl, Christian and D. Santambrogio, Marco and Bolchini, Cristiana}, year={2014} }

Common Fate Graph Patterns in Monte Carlo Tree Search for Computer Go

T. Graf, M. Platzner, in: 2014 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, 2014, pp. 1-8

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Graf_Platzner_2014, title={Common Fate Graph Patterns in Monte Carlo Tree Search for Computer Go}, DOI={10.1109/CIG.2014.6932863}, booktitle={2014 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games}, author={Graf, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014}, pages={1–8} }

Optimizing the Generator Start-up Sequence After a Power System Blackout

C. Shen, P. Kaufmann, M. Braun, in: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (IEEE GM), 2014

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Shen_Kaufmann_Braun_2014, title={Optimizing the Generator Start-up Sequence After a Power System Blackout}, booktitle={IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (IEEE GM)}, author={Shen, Cong and Kaufmann, Paul and Braun, Martin}, year={2014} }

A New Distribution Network Reconfiguration and Restoration Path Selection Algorithm

C. Shen, P. Kaufmann, M. Braun, in: Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), IEEE, 2014

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Shen_Kaufmann_Braun_2014, title={A New Distribution Network Reconfiguration and Restoration Path Selection Algorithm}, booktitle={Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Shen, Cong and Kaufmann, Paul and Braun, Martin}, year={2014} }

Analytic reliability evaluation for fault-tolerant circuit structures on FPGAs

J. Anwer, M. Platzner, in: IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT), IEEE, 2014, pp. 177-184

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Anwer_Platzner_2014, title={Analytic reliability evaluation for fault-tolerant circuit structures on FPGAs}, DOI={10.1109/DFT.2014.6962108}, booktitle={IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Anwer, Jahanzeb and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014}, pages={177–184} }

Fast process variation analysis in nano-scaled technologies using column-wise sparse parameter selection

H. Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, P. Gaillardon, M. Yazdani, G. De Micheli, in: 2014 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH), IEEE, 2014, pp. 163-168

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi_Gaillardon_Yazdani_De Micheli_2014, title={Fast process variation analysis in nano-scaled technologies using column-wise sparse parameter selection}, DOI={10.1109/NANOARCH.2014.6880479}, booktitle={2014 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Hassan and Gaillardon, Pierre-Emmanuel and Yazdani, Majid and De Micheli, Giovanni}, year={2014}, pages={163–168} }

A computer vision-based approach to high density EMG pattern recognition using structural similarity

A. Boschmann, M. Platzner, in: Proc. MyoElectric Controls Symposium (MEC), 2014

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Boschmann_Platzner_2014, title={A computer vision-based approach to high density EMG pattern recognition using structural similarity}, booktitle={Proc. MyoElectric Controls Symposium (MEC)}, author={Boschmann, Alexander and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014} }

Towards robust HD EMG pattern recognition: Reducing electrode displacement effect using structural similarity

A. Boschmann, M. Platzner, in: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Eng. Med. Biolog. (EMBC), 2014

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Boschmann_Platzner_2014, title={Towards robust HD EMG pattern recognition: Reducing electrode displacement effect using structural similarity}, booktitle={Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Eng. Med. Biolog. (EMBC)}, author={Boschmann, Alexander and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014} }

Lookup Table Partial Reconfiguration for an Evolvable Hardware Classifier System

K. Glette, P. Kaufmann, in: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2014

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Glette_Kaufmann_2014, title={Lookup Table Partial Reconfiguration for an Evolvable Hardware Classifier System}, booktitle={IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)}, author={Glette, Kyrre and Kaufmann, Paul}, year={2014} }

A hardware/software infrastructure for performance monitoring on LEON3 multicore platforms

N. Ho, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: 24th Intl. Conf. on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL), 2014, pp. 1-4

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Ho_Kaufmann_Platzner_2014, title={A hardware/software infrastructure for performance monitoring on LEON3 multicore platforms}, DOI={10.1109/FPL.2014.6927437}, booktitle={24th Intl. Conf. on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)}, author={Ho, Nam and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014}, pages={1–4} }

Towards self-adaptive caches: A run-time reconfigurable multi-core infrastructure

N. Ho, P. Kaufmann, M. Platzner, in: 2014 {IEEE} Intl. Conf. on Evolvable Systems (ICES), 2014, pp. 31-37

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Ho_Kaufmann_Platzner_2014, title={Towards self-adaptive caches: A run-time reconfigurable multi-core infrastructure}, DOI={10.1109/ICES.2014.7008719}, booktitle={2014 {IEEE} Intl. Conf. on Evolvable Systems (ICES)}, author={Ho, Nam and Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}, year={2014}, pages={31–37} }

FPGA Redundancy Configurations: An Automated Design Space Exploration

J. Anwer, M. Platzner, S. Meisner, in: Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop (RAW), 2014

Zitation (Bibtex)

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@inproceedings{Anwer_Platzner_Meisner_2014, series={RAW}, title={FPGA Redundancy Configurations: An Automated Design Space Exploration}, DOI={10.1109/IPDPSW.2014.37}, booktitle={Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop (RAW)}, author={Anwer, Jahanzeb and Platzner, Marco and Meisner, Sebastian}, year={2014}, collection={RAW} }

FPGA-accelerated Key Search for Cold-Boot Attacks against AES

H. Riebler, T. Kenter, C. Sorge, C. Plessl, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT), IEEE, 2013, pp. 386-389

Abstract

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DOI

Cold-boot attacks exploit the fact that DRAM contents are not immediately lost when a PC is powered off. Instead the contents decay rather slowly, in particular if the DRAM chips are cooled to low temperatures. This effect opens an attack vector on cryptographic applications that keep decrypted keys in DRAM. An attacker with access to the target computer can reboot it or remove the RAM modules and quickly copy the RAM contents to non-volatile memory. By exploiting the known cryptographic structure of the cipher and layout of the key data in memory, in our application an AES key schedule with redundancy, the resulting memory image can be searched for sections that could correspond to decayed cryptographic keys; then, the attacker can attempt to reconstruct the original key. However, the runtime of these algorithms grows rapidly with increasing memory image size, error rate and complexity of the bit error model, which limits the practicability of the approach.In this work, we study how the algorithm for key search can be accelerated with custom computing machines. We present an FPGA-based architecture on a Maxeler dataflow computing system that outperforms a software implementation up to 205x, which significantly improves the practicability of cold-attacks against AES.

@inproceedings{Riebler_Kenter_Sorge_Plessl_2013, title={FPGA-accelerated Key Search for Cold-Boot Attacks against AES}, DOI={10.1109/FPT.2013.6718394}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Riebler, Heinrich and Kenter, Tobias and Sorge, Christoph and Plessl, Christian}, year={2013}, pages={386–389} }

On-The-Fly Computing: A Novel Paradigm for Individualized IT Services

M. Happe, P. Kling, C. Plessl, M. Platzner, F. Meyer auf der Heide, in: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Workshop on Software Technology for Future embedded and Ubiquitous Systems (SEUS), IEEE, 2013

Abstract

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DOI

In this paper we introduce “On-The-Fly Computing”, our vision of future IT services that will be provided by assembling modular software components available on world-wide markets. After suitable components have been found, they are automatically integrated, configured and brought to execution in an On-The-Fly Compute Center. We envision that these future compute centers will continue to leverage three current trends in large scale computing which are an increasing amount of parallel processing, a trend to use heterogeneous computing resources, and—in the light of rising energy cost—energy-efficiency as a primary goal in the design and operation of computing systems. In this paper, we point out three research challenges and our current work in these areas.

@inproceedings{Happe_Kling_Plessl_Platzner_Meyer auf der Heide_2013, title={On-The-Fly Computing: A Novel Paradigm for Individualized IT Services}, DOI={10.1109/ISORC.2013.6913232}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Workshop on Software Technology for Future embedded and Ubiquitous Systems (SEUS)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Happe, Markus and Kling, Peter and Plessl, Christian and Platzner, Marco and Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm}, year={2013} }

Parallel Macro Pipelining on the Intel SCC Many-Core Computer

T. Suess, A. Schoenrock, S. Meisner, C. Plessl, in: Proc. Int. Symp. on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops (IPDPSW), IEEE Computer Society, 2013, pp. 64-73

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Suess_Schoenrock_Meisner_Plessl_2013, place={Washington, DC, USA}, title={Parallel Macro Pipelining on the Intel SCC Many-Core Computer}, DOI={10.1109/IPDPSW.2013.136}, booktitle={Proc. Int. Symp. on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops (IPDPSW)}, publisher={IEEE Computer Society}, author={Suess, Tim and Schoenrock, Andrew and Meisner, Sebastian and Plessl, Christian}, year={2013}, pages={64–73} }

FPGA Implementation of a Second-Order Convolutive Blind Signal Separation Algorithm

S. Kasap, S. Redif, in: Proc. IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Conf. (SUI), IEEE, 2013

Zitation (Bibtex)

DOI

@inproceedings{Kasap_Redif_2013, title={FPGA Implementation of a Second-Order Convolutive Blind Signal Separation Algorithm}, DOI={10.1109/SIU.2013.6531530}, booktitle={Proc. IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Conf. (SUI)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Kasap, Server and Redif, Soydan}, year={2013} }

On Semeai Detection in Monte-Carlo Go.

T. Graf, L. Schäfers, M. Platzner, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers and Games (CG), Springer, 2013

Zitation (Bibtex)

@inproceedings{Graf_Schäfers_Platzner_2013, title={On Semeai Detection in Monte-Carlo Go.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers and Games (CG)}, publisher={Springer}, author={Graf, Tobias and Schäfers, Lars and Platzner, Marco}, year={2013} }